Barely 2 years after the Ebola
scourge, Nigerians are again confronted with another deadly disease - Lassa
fever. Lassa fever is an acute viral
illness that occurs in West Africa. The illness was discovered in 1969 when two missionary nurses died in Borno
State, Nigeria, West Africa. The cause of the illness was found to be Lassa
virus, named after the town in Nigeria where the first cases originated. According to reports, the affected areas in Nigeria
primarily are Bauchi, Nassarawa, Taraba, Niger, Edo, Rivers, Plateau, Gombe and
Oyo state. People particularly dread this disease because its primary host is the
Mastomys Rodent or simply put- the mouse, an animal which is very common in
Nigeria and most of sub- Saharan Africa, ubiquitous in many households and even
eaten as delicacies by some people.
 |
| A Mastomys Rodent |
We have thus chosen this topic to write
about, to demystify the dreaded Lassa fever. We need to arm ourselves with
facts, early recognition of symptoms and preventive measures.
FACTS
Lassa fever is transmitted to humans by
mice through its urine and excrement or even dispersed gas, typically through
inhalation of contaminated air.
Human to human transmission has also been
established through contact with blood and wastes from an infected person.
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms include fever, facial
swelling, and muscle fatigue, as well as conjunctivitis and mucosal bleeding. The other symptoms
arising from the affected organs are:
·
Nausea
·
Vomiting (bloody)
·
Diarrhea (bloody)
· Stomach ache
·
Constipation
·
Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
·
Hypertension
·
Abnormally
high heart rate)
·
Cough
·
Chest
pain
·
Unilateral
or bilateral hearing deficit
·
Seizures
Lassa fever has been mistaken for Ebola or
acute malaria and typhoid in some cases due to similar symptoms.
PREVENTIVE
MEASURES/TREATMENT
1.
High level of hygiene. Our environment should
be kept clean as rodents thrive in dirty environments.
2.
Always wash your hands thoroughly. Wash, wash,
wash…
3.
Symptoms should be reported early, as early
diagnosis and treatment with Ribavirin could reduce or even eradicate mortality
chances.
4.
Infected individuals should be isolated.
It is to be noted that about 15-20% of hospitalized Lassa fever patients will die
from the illness. The overall mortality rate is estimated to be 1%, but during epidemics, mortality can climb as high as 50%. The
mortality rate is greater than 80% when it occurs in pregnant women during
their third trimester; fetal death also occurs in nearly all those cases.
Abortion decreases the risk of death to the mother. Some survivors
experience lasting effects of the disease.
Due to
the grim consequences of this disease, it is important that we do all we can to
prevent it.
Information is Key! Knowledge is power!